A Proposal For An Anti Stigma Awareness Program Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Proposal For An Anti Stigma Awareness Program Social Work Essay Essay Example A Proposal For An Anti Stigma Awareness Program Social Work Essay Essay A Proposal For An Anti Stigma Awareness Program Social Work Essay Essay The nucleus of stigma is a judgmental attitude aimed at person fighting mental unwellness. Even today these attitudes persist and produce damaging effects go forthing person who struggles with mental unwellness feeling rejected and less valued. Consequently, these attitudes can impede recovery, which in bend, underscore feelings of weakness and marginalisation. This writer presents an educational consciousness plan directed at the pupils of Spring Woods High School in Houston, Texas ; with the purpose of turn toing the stigma of mental unwellness on a community degree. This proposal outlines the plan, its leading and support, and the function of psychologists and allied professionals in the community. It presents a helpful review of the plan, and takes into history all possible results. A plan rating is offered as a manner of mensurating its effectivity. Literature identifies societal stigma as a turning cosmopolitan concern in the bringing of wellness attention and human services ( Link, Struening, Neese-Todd, Asmussen, A ; Phelan, 2001 ) . A recent diagnosing of mental unwellness, for case, may endanger one s sense of individuality. The state of affairs is farther aggravated when 1 s household and immediate community, are perceived to respond negatively to the forecast. When this happens, people tend to hide their unwellness to avoid feelings of shame and being marginalized. The ensuing stigma is frequently carried over to the work force and health care scenes where a individual fighting with mental unwellness relates with detached and apathetic equals and health care givers. In due class, the societal banishment can take to avoidance of intervention for the unwellness ( Link A ; Phelan, 2006 ) . Goffman s ( 1963 ) seminal work defines stigma as a detrimental property or a smudge against one s individuality, as such, person to be shunned or ignored in a civil society. Literature in stigma is well extended, to include of import issues refering to policy, economic sciences, civilization and mental wellness ( Keusch, Wilentz, A ; Kleinman, 2006 ) . Mental unwellness is still a negative characteristic that continues to act upon societal dealingss ( Corrigan A ; Watson, 2006 ) . By and large, stigma embodies the populace s countenance of a aggregation of prejudiced attitudes, hurtful emotional responses, prejudiced behaviours, and biased societal hierarchy directed at members of a subgroup. It includes stereotyping, labeling, exclusion, and marginalisation of the stigmatized persons in a societal state of affairs ( Corrigan A ; Wassel, 2008 ) . Most late, public wellness issues related to stigma faced by people with mental unwellness have become recognized planetary wellness concerns. Thornicroft and Maingay ( 2002 ) estimates that about 450 million people world-wide battle with mental wellness issues at one clip or another, which accounts for 31 % of all old ages lived with the unwellness albeit sing important planetary differences. That said, the stigma and marginalisation linked with terrible mental unwellness tend to do it more hard for people fighting with mental wellness jobs to take advantage of the current available interventions, therefore farther impeding their recovery and assimilation ( Overton A ; Medina, 2008 ) . This resonates with the Surgeon General s study ( 1999 ) , where stigma was recognized as the most of import hindrance in the intervention of mental upsets. Emerging literature uncovering the negative effects of stigma on mental unwellness has prompted wellness bureaus to get down developing plans designed to cut down, if non wholly prevent stigma. The World Health Organization ( WHO, 2001 ) , in their study explored ways to face and cut down stigma, including developing and advancing anti-stigma runs and plans through coaction with non-government organisations. A figure of on-line plans against stigma of mental unwellness were besides developed to tackle the potency of the cyberspace and other related media in get the better ofing stigma beyond the local degree. As apparent from these enterprises, stigma is now by and large recognized as a cosmopolitan issue that will necessitate to be addressed on many degrees, affecting the coaction and partnership between authorities, health care establishments, and non-government organisations. Analysis of the Problem Stigma associated with mental unwellness deeply resides in the complex societal phenomenon between persons and their battle with others, and accordingly, can be understood from the symbolic interaction model ( Blumer, 1969 ) ; every bit good as Kleinman s ( 1988 ) theory of societal constructivism as it relates to illness. Chandra and Minkovitz ( 2006 ) highlight the close impossibleness for an person to non be influenced by social norms ; they are learned early on and are nurtured within the household and immediate community. This can be observed in how society even countenances this moral force of self-identification with mental unwellness in its usage of mundane linguistic communication ( Rusch, Angermeyer, A ; Corrigan, 2005 ) . This is clearly apparent when persons are referred to or identified by their mental unwellness. She s bi-polar, would look more convenient than saying She struggles with bi-polar upset. Sadly, one time an person has been labeled, the labeling does non discontinue even when the person s status improves ( Hinshaw, 2005 ) . In add-on, incrimination is invariably acknowledged as a chief factor that leads to stigma ( Sandelowski, Lambe, A ; Barroso, 2004 ) . Research demonstrates how the procedure of stigmatisation is strongly linked to the grade of control an person is perceived to hold over his or her unwellness, including the grade of duty the single accepts as a consequence. Case in point: mental unwellness ensuing from encephalon tumour is perceived as less stigmatizing by striplings, as compared to unexplained mental unwellness ( Corrigan, et al. , 2005 ) . To contrast leukaemia with bi-polar upset with regard to comprehend control, bi-polar is perceived to caused since it is frequently characterized as something to make with compulsive behaviours and substance maltreatment, while leukaemia is understood more as something that happens randomly ( Sandelowski, Lambe, A ; Barroso ) . Traveling beyond the doctor s diagnosing, Kleinman s theory explored the narrations that each individual, their household, and immediate community bring to the apprehension of unwellness. Kleinman underscored the significance of the narratives environing the unwellness and how it is shaped by the patient. Kleinman is chiefly concerned in the narratives of individuals who are fighting from chronic unwellness. He makes it a point to distinguish disease from unwellness. Disease pertains to the job from the doctor s point of view ; while unwellness refer to the patient and his or her household s apprehension and grasp of the job and how they put forth the attempt to turn to the state of affairs ( Kleinman ) . Harmonizing to Kleinman, socialisation ensues when narratives related to unwellness are shared and explored among the patient and their households. It is of import to observe that while Kleinman does non indicate specifically to societal constructivism in the articulation of his theory, the impression of shared significance is embedded throughout his work. Pulling from his observations of the societal constructions of assorted civilizations, Kleinman asserts the significance that the patient s immediate community ascribes to the unwellness is more of import than the existent physical symptoms and forecast of the disease. For illustration, a individual who presents with symptoms of depression may non mind the physician s referral for therapy if his immediate societal context does non back such class of action. This can take to farther complications and can be a beginning of defeat for both the patient and doctor. Furthermore, the difference of sentiment can ensue in unfavourable inter vention results. From the societal alteration perspective Kleinman s theory provides the juncture to look beyond the immediate jobs of mental unwellness and appreciate the potency for alteration. This stance becomes more of import given that society is going more culturally diverse, and where psychologists are deemed built-in to advance thoughts that initiate societal alteration to modern health care quandary.

Majoring in Abnormal Psychology Is Not For Everyone essays

Majoring in Abnormal Psychology Is Not For Everyone essays Abnormal Psychology: a life decision Majoring in psychology is not for everyone. It does not appeal to those who seek quick and simple answers to complex problems, nor to those who want the "approved solution" to the questions of why humans act, think and feel as they do. But if you are someone who enjoys mysteries, gets excited by challenging puzzles, is curious about human nature, intrigued by observing animal behavior, thinks about the HOW and WHY of YOU, then you'll find psychology a rewarding and even empowering major. There is no field of knowledge with such an enormous extent of interest as can be found in psychology. From the micro analysis of the functioning of single nerve cells, to the macro functioning of urban communities, to the perception of a newborn child, to the prejudice of a group, to the decision-making process of national governments; we have it all. While many psychologists study fundamental processes of human development, brain functioning, learning, motivation, emotion, memory, judgment, language, personality, mental disorders, and social interactions for the sheer joy of understanding them better, others seek to apply psychological knowledge to improve the quality of our lives. All my academic life Ive been struggling with what exactly it is that I want to major in. Ive always been fascinated with the crime investigation shows you see on Court T.V. I just love the whole mystery and challenge, and then being able to solve that mystery based on the evidence. It was only until recently that the crime solvers world of investigation has blossomed and has brought on many new techniques to solving crimes. There have been many new advances in forensic science that have not only solved many cold cases, but have freed wrongly accused men/women. Its from these new approaches that have brought into light a new type of investigator, a psychological profil ...

Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essays

Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essays Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essay Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essay The article Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders by Martha Kleinhans (2002) is one of a particularly topical nature at present. Not only does Kleinhans attempt to wrestle with an inherently taboo subject matter, she does so with fastidious ability, drawing conclusions, evaluation and criticism throughout the piece. The article, written in 2002, came just after a great deal of media interest in the trial of Roy Whiting, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Sarah Payne, and thus contains both reference to recent headline news as well as evaluation concerning current legislation and parliamentary acts. Due to this occurrence and topical agenda, articles of this nature and subject matter have flooded the market with reference to all manner of areas concerning paedophilic sex offenders. It would therefore seem probable that this article may have nothing specific to offer in the way of insights into this field. However, this does not prove to be the case, as Kleinhans raises some valuable sociological discourses and covers ground that would not be expected to be standard of this subject matter. Within the opening few lines of the article, Kleinhans states that the main agenda within the piece is addressed to the over reactions of the public towards paedophillic sex offenders, and the impulsiveness of legislation systems to bring about justice and retribution. This initial statement enables Kleinhans to diversify her argument into several different areas within the topic of criminal justice studies, but also to use it as a platform with which other statements can be made in reference. From this, the article firstly attempts to identify the distinctions that have been imposed between childhood and adulthood. This is inherently a difficult task, and as Kleinhans states, it firstly requires exploring two underlying assumptions about the child: first, the innocence of the child and, second, the asexuality of the child (2002 p 234). Yet, the disadvantage of assumption is that it is not necessarily based on truths, and is therefore liable to subjective interpretation and thus can be misleading. Kleinhans accepts this view, and goes on to investigate the extent to which the innocence and asexuality of the child transpire. These two topics are dealt with individually, and Kleinhans concludes that the innocence of the child is not necessarily the case. Although society wishes to perceive the child and childhood as innocent, the pervasiveness of juvenile offenders is enough to allow this area to become deceptive. Thus leading to an ambiguity between childhood and innocence. However, although this may be the case, this ambiguity is not enough to detract from the moral separation of children from adults (Kleinhans 2002, p234). Yet, this view is not necessarily echoed in contemporary legislation. As criminal justice systems categorise offenders in terms of age, with the separation of adult, juvenile and young offenders, it has become increasingly clear that the child is not necessarily innately innocent and the separation between childhood and adulthood, in terms of real world consequences, is becoming ever more entwined. Kleinhans then moves to deal with the second issue concerning child, namely the perceived asexuality that comes with childhood. Kleinhans argues that this is again a social separator of childhood from adulthood, with sexuality conceivably being a defining factor of the end of the childhood stage. As with innocence, asexuality of childhood is likely to misleading, it is unlikely that children remain total naive to sexuality, despite the best attempts of others. This argument is then furthered with the discussion that the emphasis placed on the repression of childhood sexuality is infact constructing sexual beings that need to be regulated. An idea, which again produces inconsistencies and contradictions, thus affecting our notion of childhood sexuality and the separation of the child from the adult. After considering the various issues concerning the child, the article moves on to examine the aspects of punishment inflicted on the paedophilic sex offender. Kleinhans discussion centres around the distinction between corporal and carceral punishment. She argues that modern criminal justice approaches have moved away from corporal punishment systems to more carceral-based systems, but also argues the benefits of a more dualist or holistic approach. This then emphasises the punishment on both the body and the soul, a case of addressing both sides of person in order to rectify the whole. After this initial identification of contemporary justice systems, Kleinhans then considers the logistics surrounding incarceration for paedophilic sex offenders. This takes the form of the virtual and civilised prison. Kleinhans uses these terms to identify the differing facets of imprisonment while not actually incarcerated within the prison, thus transversing the methods used while in prison to the offender upon release. The virtual prison describes the way in which after release, methods have been applied to the offender in order to keep them under surveillance. Methods of electronic tagging and registry systems have all been used in this way, this creates a virtual prison, in which, although not actually incarcerated, the offender is still subjected to the monitoring and surveillance which were afforded while in prison. The civilised prison refers to the civilised nature in which punishment is administered. The nature of imprisonment provides a way of governing punishment away from the public in a civilised manor. Yet, with public attention being paramount when concerned with paedophilia, this civilised manor is almost eradicated as the punishment of the offender becomes an ever more increasingly public spectacle. Kleinhans concludes her argument with a discussion of the offender and the community, in which she comments on the exclusionary tactics employed by the community in order to rid themselves of an offender in their location. This idea echoes the notion of the virtual prison, in which offenders are excluded from society to such a degree that it is almost impossible for them to begin the road away from deviance, and are thus once again in isolation. In order to evaluate the article to a greater degree, it is necessary to look at the work within a wider context. This refers to evaluating the piece within the dimensions of deviance within a sociological perspective, and thus, this area should be looked at in greater detail. The definition of deviance is slightly problematic as there is no set definition or description for this term. However, deviance can be explained as a relative phenomena, in which it can only be related to a standard, which is no means fixed or absolute. Due to this, deviance is socially constructed, and what is seen as deviant in one culture may be considered the norm for another. Perhaps one of the most dominant perspectives within the field of deviance is that of functionalism. This takes the view that deviance occurs due to the nature of society, rather than an individual trait. Merton (1938) argued that deviant behaviour could be explained as a function of the properties of social systems rather than physiological or psychological discrepancies. This description of deviant behaviour fits in with Kleinhans view that the community in which the offender is relocated to provide the right conditions for deviant behaviour to reoccur, thus society is constructing the dimensions in which deviance can facilitate. During 2001, a great deal of media coverage became apparent after the murder of Sarah Payne, from this, a great wave of communal reaction occurred resulting in legislation being passed. Sarahs law called for tighter controls on known paedophilic sex offenders and gave way to a great host of clauses concerning this area. This vast public reaction had several consequences, not only did it bring this paedophilic sex offender into the public eye, but some of the methods and restrictions employed by the law had negative effects. Drury (2002) claimed that the anti-paedophile mobs were pushing these offenders underground and out of a sphere in which they could be controlled. Pank (2001) also suggested that this might be the case, and also added that registration systems may result in some unforeseen circumstances, in particular, making it more accessible for other offenders to contact each other. This view again sits with the idea of socially constructed crime, as society is producing the guidelines for which deviance can take hold. One further view of deviance is that held by the internationalist approach. Becker (1963) states that social groups create deviance by the making of rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders (1963 p9). This view can be applied to paedophilic sex offenders, as the public labelling of these offenders as paedophiles defines this individual and places upon some certain character evaluation. Becker also wields the idea of a self-fulfilling prophecy, in that the label applied to the offender becomes the over-riding statute and thus controlling, therefore the label administered to the offender becomes one of a truthful nature as it is accepted by the person. Kleinhans article also shares this view, as Becker argues that the public treatment of a deviently labelled individual denies them an ordinary existence, they are then almost required to develop unlawful practices. This is also echoed in the registry programme employed in certain countries in order to monitor paedophilic sex offenders. This public labelling imposes the character evaluation of a paedophile onto the offender; an example of this is produced by Itzen (2001), where it is argued that paedophilia and child sex abuse have become inextricably linked within the public eye, even though this link may not be true of the majority. Therefore, this labelling process produces those who are thus excluded from society, resulting in the adoption of criminal or deviant routines. It lastly comes to the evaluation of the article. Within the abstract and introduction to the piece, Kleinhans identifies her aims for the article as a whole. She states that the work itself is addressed to the (over) reactions of the public (2002 p233), and that the underlying concepts that seem central to the discussion of paedophilic sex offenders are produced in order to evaluate the contemporary punishment and legal systems for these crimes. Thus, as the title of the article suggests, Kleinhans main argument pivots around the discussion of punishment systems for paedophilia and thus attempts to shed new light on the discourse and practice (2001 p233) of these systems. The article does indeed reflect upon these punishment issues to a great degree, and this argument provides the bulk of material within the piece. It could therefore be said that the article does achieve the initial aims put forward by Kleinhans. She looks at and examines the peripheral aspects to which paedophilia is concerned, such as the moral separation of the child from the adult in both innocence and naivety as well as sexual beings, thus introducing the inconsistencies in our morals and behaviour towards this area of human nature. After dealing with these underlying concepts, she moves on to discuss the punishment systems in place for paedophilic sex offenders and looks beyond the characteristic view of the prison, and applies these inferences to the outside world. By doing so, the article looks at a greater scope of punishment than just the basic corporal or carceral systems, and looks at how the community also employs punishment tactics to offenders. The research used within the article is generally up to date, and employs current legislation to further arguments made. It also seem to be well referenced with every point or argument presented being backed up with empirical studies. However, with the topic being of such current debate, the article, in general, does not produce any new findings on this. Yet, it does prove to be of aid in the clarification of this subject. Thus the article can be criticised in not fully achieving its initial aims, but Kleinhans does provide a compelling argument with sound debate and so the piece is not without its merits. The article itself appears well written and documented, and incorporates a vast scope of features concerning many areas of this subject matter. The work appears objective without being over clinical and employs various approaches and theories of a sociological nature to further the comments made. Kleinhans takes a different view on an intrinsically tender subject, and looks in detail and the punishment systems upon the offender as well as the effect the community has on the deviance. In her own conclusion, she expresses a wish to shed some light on the punishment of sex offenders, and I believe the article has done that. By looking at the system outside of the prison walls, the article does provide a description of this matter that is not generally attenuated to. Although not providing any groundbreaking new views or theories, the articles different take on this subject matter aids in the clarification of the this topic.

Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Essays

Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Essays Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Paper Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Paper College class: number of students come in groups at the beginning of class period; very few arrive during the class or very early before class. F. Movie theater: probably not if only one movie is shown (if there are four or more auditoriums each playing a different movie simultaneously, it may be okay). Patrons all tend to arrive in batches S to 20 minutes before a show, c. Laundromat: basically a single-channel, multiplexer, two-phase system. Arrivals Waiting line Service customers with dirty clothes usually first-come, first-served in terms of selecting an available machine first phase consists of washing clothes n washing machines; second-phase is again queuing for the first available drying machine d.

Liverppol Vision Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Liverppol Vision Company - Essay Example In addition, they have also gained resources from Europe and from the National Government, to create a City Centre that brings in new investment and employment opportunities to the people of Liverpool city. They have made a total investment of 3 billion, towards the regeneration of Liverpool city centre. The aims of economic revival have been targeted at their chosen areas of action, which are as follows: Kings Waterfront - This region has the largest development on the Liverpool waterfront. Liverpool Vision and its partners English Partnerships, Northwest Development Agency and Liverpool City Council are jointly promoting its development by using its potential for residential, hotel, office, retail, leisure, community and open space uses. Hope Street Quarter - Hope Street connects Liverpool to its cultural, spiritual and educational epicenters. It is the place of magnificent attractions such as The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts (LIPA) and the successful award winning Hope Street Hotel. Another significant aspect of this area, is its distinct historic environment, the hallmark of which are the two landmark Cathedrals. Liverpool Vision is working with key businesses and other stakeholders, with the intention of promoting the economic potential of this area by taking necessary steps to connect this area with the life of the city. Pier Head & Mann Island - This area of Liverpool has been the essence of what constitutes Liverpool to the rest of the world. It is made up some of the best known architectures such as of the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, and the Port of Liverpool Building, collectively known as the Three Graces - with striking views of the river. In June 2005, Planning and Development Brief prepared by Liverpool Vision in collaboration with the two landowners, National Museums Liverpool and Northwest Regional Development Agency, was endorsed by the Liverpool City Council. This is the first step towards implementing the idea of rejuvenating this part of the city. Commercial district - This area was established in the 19th Century. Two of the most important stock exchanges Corn Exchange (Dale Street) and Cotton Exchange (Old Hall Street) are located in this district. Using resources, Liverpool Visions has ambitions to create a 21st century business environment, in commercials district to make up for the shortage of high quality commercial space in Liverpool. In October 2005, Liverpool Vision was given the Outline Planning consent for a new Commercial Quarter in the heart of Liverpool City Centre. The proposals put forth will see the creation of 1.5m sq ft of high quality commercial space, new public spaces, and associated car parking on the area bounded by Leeds Street, Pall Mall, Tithebarn Street and Old Hall Street. Castle Street (Live Work District) - This area is made up of Victorian office buildings, which are now being converted into apartments, with their ground floors being used for commercial purposes. Liverpool Vision is not just concerned with bringing new developments into residential and official area, but it also aims to remove traffic from main routes of this areas in order to, create a more pedestrian friendly environment. Lime Street Gateway - Lime street gateway is the key gateway to Liverpool

Legal Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Questions - Essay Example In analysis of the information the enactment of the FTDA, courts have struggled for applying the customary for trademark dilution for the reason that of the expansive language used in the law. (Koo, 2004) Under these laws, initially the Home Specialists should consider talking to the individuals responsible for TechEquip and Homer.com. The fact to ponder upon is when Tech equips registered as Homer. Com, the office did not object them on the name. It is very natural for people at Home Specialists to feel that the Tec equip is using their goodwill somehow. But, it does not really fall into a court case category. Both of the parties should meet up in friendly terms and try and convince and inform each other of any apprehensions if they feel exist. If in the case that Home Specialists drag the latter party to court. Then they would have to prove Tech Equip.'s deliberate attempt to use their goodwill. This would not be of any use. Because if the whole issue would have been objectionable the people at the registrars office would have discussed the same with Tec Equip. The whole case can be deemed as just mere confusion under the FTDA Act. Ans 2) By Trade dress is actua... But the fact is, that, there can be an instance of confusion or just mere a mistake. The trade dress infringement act entails a provision and space that these acts be taken into consideration. Damages should only be awarded in case of the occurrence that Levec Inc, can prove a deliberate attempt by Tarvainen to use their goodwill. Only if they are proven right in their claim should they receive damages. It is very well possible that in the case of Levec Inc not being able to prove any thing; it might just be considered a fault or a mistake. The Protection in relation of any specific trade dress is comparable as the protection and safeguard of trademarks. Trade Dress Infringement Violation can occur unintentionally also. (Wiemelt, 2003-2006) Ans 3) the Law 'Act on the Protection of Personal Information' is where this should be categorized. Article 1, the rationale behind this Act is the safeguard and protection of the civil rights as well as their interests of individuals considering the fact that the personal information can be useful to other parties. Proper handling of this personal information is an essential. Basically all the articles in this act entail the following idea, that the personal information of individuals that are being used by certain business entities, by permission is being used for business purposes. The government has the responsibility of making sure that the business entity in particular should safeguard that data. The state rather is also responsible for safeguarding this information.According to this act, if the business entity plans to alter the entity handling this personal information, their must be public notifications of such an act. Meaning all should be informed. With

Why Is Teen Pregnancy So High Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Is Teen Pregnancy So High - Essay Example Many young girls grow up unaware of the dangers that may await them in the outside world. In order to be fully prepared for what may come in their teenage years, young girls need to be taught the dangers and consequences of teenage pregnancy. If this knowledge is obtained before an opportunity arises, then there is less of a chance of pregnancy occurring. Some people would say that talking about subjects such as sex only increases its frequency, yet most international studies show that teen pregnancy rates decrease in conjunction with proper teaching. Even if a girl is unable to avoid a situation, she may be able to make herself safer due to her knowledge about the issue. Another reason why teenage pregnancy rates can be so high is because of poor parenting. Education starts in the home, and as such, parents should take responsibility for their kids. Many children live in single-parent homes, which can be tough, yet there is no excuse for not properly forewarning someone of the effects of teenage pregnancy. As parents are the closest people to a young child, they are more likely to be listening to because of the influence they hold over their children. A parent who is a good role model will affect the way their kids think over certain issues, one of which is teenage pregnancy. Finally, perhaps the most significant cause of teenage pregnancy is peer pressure. Young people are always so concerned with what their friends or peers are saying about them. This is a stage in someone’s life where parents do not have the same hold over them. Friends influence the decisions and feelings of most teenagers because no one wants to look out of place. Even if someone’s peers are not encouraging someone to make a bad choice, it may be that the person feels like their friends do.

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Research Methods - Essay Example The independent variables negatively correlated with the dependent variable: number of MP3s, and age. The model is a poor model in explaining CD sales because the adjusted R2 is only 0.27. Nevertheless, the F-statistics is significant with a p-value of 0.001. This means that we can reject the null hypothesis that all coefficients of the independent variables of the model are simultaneously equal to zero. Thus, unless a better model is found, the model may be used on a provisional basis. For inferences to be appropriate, several assumptions are assumed to apply in multiple regressions (Gujarati 2004, p. 203), there are several assumptions involved in using linear regression. The most important of these are as follows: zero mean of residuals, no serial errors among residuals, homocedasticity, zero covariance between independent variable and residuals, absence of specification bias or the model is correctly specified, and no exact collinearity between the independent variables (Gujarati 2004, p. 203 and 204). Except for gender and age, all variables are able to provide a significant explanation on the value of the dependent variable. The variable â€Å"task control,† however, is able to explain at a significant level the dependent variable in Netherlands but not in the US. Except for tenure, the background variables are unable to provide a significant marginal contribution in explaining the value of the dependent variable. The variables task control environment control, and tenure consistently manifest a negative relationship and all are significantly related at p-value=0.10 with the dependent variable perceived work stress. That greater job control can significantly affect the perceived work stress is adequately supported in both regressions. However, I am uncomfortable that the both regression model can only explain not more than 25% of the variation

Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accounting II - Essay Example This form of company typically have unlimited life and ease of ownership transferability in addition to owners limited liability. Examples of such companies are Microsoft and HP (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2008). The accounting treatment of partnership takes company as an entity which is separate from partners’ personal affairs (Horngren, Bamber, & Harrison, 2005). The major difference in the accounting of corporations and partnership is the calculation and disclosure of the capital of the organization. Corporations are required to prepare and publish audited annual and quarterly reports which could be accessed by shareholders. These annual reports contains statements including income statement, balance sheet, cash flow and changes in shareholders’ equity. Financial reports are not published for external users by partnership and tax return is submitted as part of individual tax forms. There are different ways of identifying whether a company is a partnership or corporation. Firstly, partnerships and corporations fall in different tax regimes. In partnership entity is not liable for tax and it is deducted from owner’s personal income. IRS has set out guidelines for distinguishing between partnership and corporation. In addition to the characteristics discussed above if one partner has the power to dissolve company then the characteristics of corporation is absent. Shareholders of corporations can sell their stock to third party however in partnerships there is general lack of transferability. There is also centralization of management in partnership whereas in corporations there is a board of directors which comprise of company’s shareholders (Brickman, 1991). ï‚ § What does a statement of cash flows tell us about the short and long term prospects of the firm? How does an outside review use a statement of cash flows and other financial statements to assess the viability of the firm? Companies prepare cash flow statement on a periodic basis for

Water Conservation Essay Example for Free

Water Conservation Essay Water is an integral part of land/soil productivity. Its misuse can cause both degradation and erosion of soils. Management of water resource is considered to necessary for well being of human life as well as crop yields. There is a gap between the seasonal availability of water and its equitable supply throughout the year. Accordingly the storage of water and passage through soils is very important. It is well known that about 70% area in this country is subject to varying degree of water stress. There are areas with heavy rainfall but water problems become predominant during non-monsoon periods. It is thus a matter of concern to create a redistribution system and requirements as and when it is needed. Although there are many methods for water management, the two important methods are mentioned as follows. (I) Watershed management (II) Rainwater harvesting (I) Watershed Management : A watershed is an area bounded by the divide line of water flow so that a distinct drainage basin of any small or big water course or stream can be identified. The rain falling over this area will flow through only one point of the whole watershed. In other words, the entire area will be drained only by one stream or water course. In this way we will have definitive water resource which can be assessed and analyzed for planning for the optimum utilization through ground water, wells, tube wells, small ponds, bigger tanks or reservoirs. Watershed management is very important for rainfall and resultant run-off. More than 900 watersheds of the flood prone rivers have been identified and are at present in operation. The development of delayed through propagation of water harvesting technology is also based on the concept of micro watershed. Himalayas are one of the most critical watersheds in the world. The damage to reservoirs and irrigation systems and misused Himalayan slopes is mounting as are the costs for the control measures during the flood season every year. The vast hydroelectric power potential can be harnessed from the Himalayas watersheds on a sustainable basis. (II) Rain water Harvesting : Water harvesting technologies have established the economic and practical feasibility for inclusion in integrated watershed management plans. A number  of such structures in the Hirakud catchment have revealed that these are desirable for protection of land, restoration of degraded land for creation of micro irrigation potential of reuse of water. This would also help in increased production based productivity for generation of employment of opportunities. The concept of watershed management has been extended to agro-industrial watersheds which take care of agro-industrial development.

The Product Brand Line Of Maggi Marketing Essay

The Product Brand Line Of Maggi Marketing Essay Part 1 Introduction In 1863, Maggi was founded by Julius Michael Johannes Maggi in Switzerland. Julius Maggi developed a flavours recipe to bring added taste to meals. This signified the establishment of the Maggi brand and its product line that is convenient products. In 1882, due to his well-known for nutrition-oriented approach, a physician called Dr. Fridolin Schuler and the Swiss Government met up with Julius Maggi and told him about the problem of the labouring classes who were suffering from malnutrition. After that, he was asked to seek for a solution in order to improve the nutritional values of meals. Therefore, he created the protein based vegetable food products, which were two instant pea soups and an instant bean soup. These two products were quick to be prepared, easy to be digested and sold in a low price. The products were successfully overcame the problem of woman who were lack of time in preparing meals as more and more woman were working outside. By the turn of the century, the Maggi company also produced other types of products such as bouillon cubes, sauces and flavorings. In 1947, Alimentana S.A., the manufacturer of Maggi seasonings and soups merged with Nestlà © to form Nestlà ©-Alimentana S.A. Today, MAGGI ® has been offering high quality, convenient, innovative, and nutritious products. MAGGI ® products help us to prepare nutritious and delicious meals. Its bouillons, soups, seasonings and sauces are useful while cooking and add flavour into our food. The product brand line of MAGGI ® Culinary products is the product brand line of  MAGGI ®. Now, in the year of 2013, the products produced by MAGGI ® basically can be categorized into four different groups which are noodles, MAGGI ® flavour world, sauces and light meals. Among all these products, different kinds of flavours were provided so that the consumers have a variety of choices and select what they want based on personal needs and favourites. The table below showed all the products produced by MAGGI ®: Category Products Noodles 1. MAGGI Hot Bowl Instant Noodle 2. MAGGI Hot Cup Instant Noodle 3. MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles 4. MAGGI Mi-Goreng MAGGI ® flavour world 1. MAGGI Stock Cubes 2. MAGGI CUKUP RASA 3. MAGGI Liquid Stocks 4. MAGGI HARI-HARI FAVOURITES Sauces 1. MAGGI Oyster Sauce 2. MAGGI Seasoning 3. MAGGI Red Sauce Light meals 1. MAGGI Soup 2. MAGGI Porridge The MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles was first introduced in India by Nestle India Limited in 1982 and act as a market leader in selling instant noodles. Therefore, it becomes a well-known instant noodles brand among all the consumers and many people call noodles as Maggi. MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry is one of flavour in the series of MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles. It is sold in a pack of five. The servings size of each small pack is 79grams for one serving. The noodle contains 48.6 grams of carbohydrate per serving that provides the energy that we need. It is a convenient product that can be easily found in any marketplace. The package of this product was changed from time to time. The latest packaging carries the new Protein dari Gandum seal as each pack MAGGI 2-Minute Noodles serves as source of protein from wheat. MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry Inferior Product Inferior products are the products for which there is a direct relationship between changes in income and its demand curve. Based on our understanding, we categorized MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry is as a inferior product because the purchasing rate of the consumer is basically based on the income of the consumers. When the income of consumers rises, the demand will be reduced and the amount of buying this product will become less as they will choose to buy a more value based product that deliver higher quality. Conversely, the demand of consumers will increase when there is a fall in their income. Complement and substitute goods for MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry Complementary goods are the goods that jointly consumed with MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry. The complement goods are as follow: eggs sausages fish balls crab meats prawns carrots tomatoes vegetables bell peppers caraways Whereas, substitute goods are the goods that competes with MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry for consumer purchases. The substitute goods are as follow: Sajimee mee curry flavoured instant noodles Ibumie Mi curry flavoured instant noodles Adabi curry flavored instant noodles Mamee curry flavoured instant noodles Cintan curry flavoured instant noodles Tesco choice curry flavoured instant noodles Market structure of MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry Monopolistic Competition Part 2 Comparison of the price of MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry with _________________ Based on the research found in Tesco, Kampar, Perak, MAGGI 2-Minutes Noodles Curry are sold at the price of RM4.39. Part 3 Advantages and disadvantages for MAGGI ® company of being monopolistic competition firm Advantages Easy Entry and Exit Monopolistic competition is an easy entry and exit market because this market face low barriers to entry Unlike a monopoly market, MAGGI ® easily entered into a monopolistic competition market and start the business because the products produced are not sole control of any other company. Therefore, MAGGI ® can attract the consumes to buy its products as long as they can satisfy the consumers needs. Besides that, while entering into this market, MAGGI ® does not face much problem on government franchises and licenses as well as the patents and copyright as the company will not be restricted to enter into this market. Price takes MAGGI ® has the authority to set the price for its products in order to maximize its revenue. For example, MAGGI ® can increase the selling price when they increase the quality of products to the consumers. The company also can increase the selling price when the input price becomes higher so that they will still earn a constant revenue but not facing a loss. Unlike in the perfect competition market, the consumers might still choose to buy its products even though the price has been increased as long as the products can satisfy the consumers. Differentiated products will attract buyers to stay loyal The differentiated products of MAGGI ® will attract more buyers and maintain the current consumers to stay loyal since the products have the unique features compare to others. Normally, the consumers will not easily switch to another brand when they are attracted by its special characteristic of the products. This will result in a constant revenue since the consumers might consume the products continuously for a long period of time if they do not find any substitute that is better than the current consuming products. Disadvantages Many competitors Since monopolistic competition market is easy to entry and exit, many companies might enter into this market and thus MAGGI ® has to face many competitors. For example, the competitors for MAGGI ® are Sajimee, Ibumie, Adabi, Mamee, Cintan and Tesco. The consumers might easily switch to buy the same type of products from another brands if they think it is worth to buy it from other brands rather than from MAGGI ®. Therefore, MAGGI ® has to consistently observe the strategies of its competitors so that MAGGI ® can make suitable action to face the competitor and make its customers to stay loyal. Higher cost and expenses Since MAGGI ® face a huge numbers of competitors, it is compulsory for a monopolistic competitor to take suitable strategies to attract more buyers. One of the ways is via advertising its products. We can see that MAGGI ® advertise its products through television and do many different types of promotion such as buy one get one free, give food testing to the customers, give discounts and organise a contest for the consumers and give out something else as prizes. All these advertisement and promotion required a lot of cost and expenses. Need to produce differentiated products In order to compete with other close substitutes, MAGGI ® has to come up with differentiated products, which is the products that have real or apparent differences with other substitutes. MAGGI ® must be creative and innovative enough to make their product more distinctive and differentiate their products from other competitors in order to attract more buyers and also maintain its current consumers. MAGGI ® also has to do certain research and improve its products from time to time to make its products more unique no matter is on the quality, price or packaging. Earn zero-economic profit in long-run Unlike a monopolist, MAGGI ® will not earn an economic profit but earn a zero-economic in long-run. In long-run, more and more firms will enter into this market structure and the some of the current market share of MAGGI ® might be taken away by those new firms. This shows the decrease in the consumers demand. Therefore MAGGI ® will do more advertising to recapture the market share. This will results in the increase of the long-run average cost. The decrease of demand and increase of long-run average cost will continues in long-run until MAGGI ® earns a zero economic-profit. Advantages and disadvantages for a customer of buying a product under monopolistic competition market Advantages More innovative product In the monopolistic competition market, there are many competitors and buyers. In order to attract a large scale of customers, the company needs to produce more innovative product continuously so that they can compete with other competitors and survive in the market place. MAGGI ® as monopolistic competition firm will choose to produce more different flavour of instant noodle instead of just produce one type of noodle because it needs to fight against massive of competitor forces. Therefore a customer can enjoy having different types of MAGGI ® products and have more choices. Comparable prices There are many sellers in the monopolistic competition market. The buyers can compare the prices of the same type of product among different producers so that they could choose to buy the products that offered in an affordable price. For example, consumers can choose either to buy MAGGI ® instant noodles or other brands of instant noodles like Mamee and Mi Sedaap. Convenience for buyers to know the details of the product Sellers in the monopolistic competition tend to create more advertisements to deliver the information about their products to the public and also develop a stronger position in consumers mind. Usually the detailed information about the MAGGI ® products such as the new flavour, price, and places that are available to buy the products. The information given will provide convenience for consumers in the process of choosing and buying the product. Disadvantages The price of products might not matched with the quality of products The sellers in monopolistic competition market are free to set the price of products. The seller might set a higher price to earn more revenue but they do not produce the products with higher quality. Therefore the consumers are forced to buy the products expensively. For example, if MAGGI ® might produce the same instant noodles but they raise the price to a higher level. Consequently, the consumers have to buy it at an expensive price but they still enjoy the same quality of instant noodles. Negative impact of advertising In monopolistic competition, the sellers spend a lot of money in advertising their products. It is a benefit for the consumers to know more about the product but it also has negative impact on customer supremacy. Customers are going to be manipulated by the advertisement and about what they want. For example, customers become attracted over the perception of differentiation, they believe information in the advertisement and buy the product without compare the price or quality.

Ricardo Semler And New Zealand Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction The biggest challenge facing any business today is change. Ricardo Semlars approach to management revolutionized they way in which Secom did business. However it is of question if Semlars model of business can be successfully transplanted into New Zealand’s business environment and change the way in which they operate. This essay will therefore discuss if Ricardo’s unique approach to business, and how it can be successfully used in the New Zealand business environment. This essay will firstly discuss the idea that profit sharing can motivate workers and how this idea is set up in the New Zealand business environment. Secondly the ways in which employee participation work in New Zealand, and how managers can better understand their workers. Lastly the importance of information sharing to a success of a company, and ways in which this idea has helped New Zealand companies find business success. Therefore this essay will show that Semlar’s approach to management can be successfully adapted to the New Zealand business environment. Background Ricardo Semler at the age of 24, implemented three main management schemes to try and successfully run a business. Stated by some as unique, Ricardo Semelr has gone and taken these schemes and used them in his fathers business Semco. After struggling for many years (close to bankruptcy) because of the high Brazilian inflation rate and poor business model, Ricardo was able to turn this all around. Within 8 years Semco had become one of Brazil’s fastest growing companies with a profit margin of 10% on sales of $32 million. Ricardo puts this down to his three core management techniques of profit sharing, employee implementation and the free flow of information.(Semler, 1989) These management schemes are not new, but Ricardo Semler was able to successfully implement these schemes into the Brazilian business environment, while other companies in Brazil and international companies such as Allis Chalmers failed. Thus it is of question if whether or not New Zealand companies can do wh at Ricardo Semler did. Profit sharing The first of Ricardo’s management schemes is the idea of profit sharing and the effect it has on the employee. Profit sharing is formed on the bases that employees should receive a share of the profits of the company. Semler (1889) believes that the idea of profit sharing shouldn’t be a gimmick... ...environment and hopefully more businesses will do so. Reference list Bell, D.W, & Hanson, C.G. (1987) Profit Sharing and Profitability. London. Kogan Page. Foster, B. & Mackie B.L (2002) Weddels Tomoana: A retrospective study of Workplace Reform. The New Zealand Journal of Human Resources Management, 2, p. 1-10 Killian, K. & Perez, F. (1998) Ricardo Semler and Semco S.A (Report No. A15-98-0024. Thunderbird: American Graduate School of International Management Light, E. (1997) Living the Dream. NZ Business. P34-36 Macfie, R. (2001, October 1st) Making it in New Zealand, Unlimited p. 14-17 Maetzig, R. (1999, December 20th) Not to chicken to try new approach. The daily News. P.5 Semler, R. (1989) Managing Without Managers. Harvard Business Review September/October, 76-84 Sinoski, K. (2004) No Incentive. The independent: New Zealand’s Business Weekly. August/September. P. 18 Smith, A. (1996, September 11) The Highs and Lows. The Dominion, p.20 Smith, D. (1977) Worker Participation: A critical appraisal of present practice in New Zealand. Wellington. Victoria University of Wellington Upfront-Unearned Rewards.(2004) Management . September/October. P. 12

Plunkitt of Tammany Hall Essay -- Plunkitt Tammany Hall

Plunkitt of Tammany Hall 1. Honest Graft and Dishonest Graft- When Plunkitt was tipped off about something in the city or someone wanting to built a park or something, he sees the opportunity and he takes it. He buys up the land before they do. When they see that they are going to need the land, he sells it to them at a much higher price than what he paid for it, giving him a nice profit. That is honest graft. Several politicians are accused of stealing dollars from the state’s treasury, this is an example of dishonest graft. The condemnation commissioners came along and found piece after piece of land under the name George Plunkitt of the Fifteenth Assembly District, New York City. They wondered how he knew just what to buy. Plunkitt sees the opportunity and he takes it. 2. How to Become a Statesman- If you want to make a fame and fortune for yourself in politics, do not come at them with all of your book smarts and saying how smart you are. That is a big mistake. Get a person to follow you, even if it is only one person and say that you want to join the organization. Do not go at them with your book smarts because they will say that they have no use for you here. 3. The Curse of the Civil Service Reform- Men who have patriotism get it blasted away when they take the civil services examination. The civil service law is the biggest fraud of the age. There are ten thousand good offices, but we cannot get no more than a few hundred of them. When we cannot place these men who wanted to serve their country, they become an Anarchist. There is nothing in the game. 4. Reformers Only Morning’ Glories- Many reform movements were started during PLunkitt’s forty years in politics, but none have lasted more than a few years. Morning glories looked great in the beginning but folded in short time. These reformers have been going into things without much practice while the politicians, have been practicing all of their lives and know ever fine point of the game. 5. New York City Is Pie for the Hayseeds- New York farmers wanted their taxes lowered because they were too high. The Republican Legislature will make a rush for the farmer and tell him that if he does not see what he wants to ask for it. After they cut the farmers tax , they raise taxes on liquor and some other taxes in New York City. They take half of the proceeds from th... ...he Nation- New York City owes pretty much what it all is today to the bosses of Tammany Hall in the last 20 years. With bosses everything runs smoothly, like noiseless machinery. 21. Concerning Excise- Every time there is an increase of the fee in The Raines Liquor Law, there is an increase in the suicide record of the city. If it is a right to tax a saloonkeeper $1000, its right to put a heavy tax on dealers in other beverages- in milk, for instance- and make the dairymen pay up. If the Raines law gave the money extorted from the saloonkeepers to the city, there might be some excuse for the tax. 22. A Parting Word on the Future of the Democratic Party in America- One issue that would set this country on fire is the abolition of the civil service laws which are destroying patriotism and taking away good jobs from people that have earned them. 23. Strenuous Life of the Tammany District Leader- Plunkitt plays politics day in and day out with no rests. He helps feel the hungry and bury the dead. Plunkitt keeps watch on men, women, and children of his district. He knows their needs, likes and dislikes, troubles and hopes, and helps them to get what they want or need.

Persistent organic pollutants

Sum up your article and back up the importance of that subject with informations from the CDC Statistics site, sooner, or other relevant high-quality beginnings used by public wellness professionals.Persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) such as polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) are manmade organic chemicals that remain in the environment for old ages or decennaries ( U.S. EPA, 2008 ) . POPs are ever-present chemical compounds that stays in the environment and bio-accumulate through the nutrient web. Although research have shown that POPs triggers the proliferation of human malignant neoplastic disease cell. a new physiologically based pharmacokinetic ( PBPK ) patterning system was developed by research workers that can probably be used in epidemiologic surveies to make lifetime toxicokinetics of POPs. Prior biological appraisal was limited to mensurating the POP degrees in blood or tissue samples collected when chest malignant neoplastic disease is foremost diagnosed. Consequently, the new theoretical account combines the appropriate procedures of â€Å"absorption, distribution, metamorphosis, and riddance to gauge lifetime blood and tissue exposure and degrees during any hypothesized clip window of susceptibleness in chest malignant neoplastic disease development† ( Mead, n.d ) . to boot, the PBPK theoretical account besides imagine how different types of important lifetime physiologic alterations â€Å"such as organic structure weight fluctuation, gestation, elimination of POPs through lactation, and aging will act upon the dynamicss of a compound in a adult female throughout her life† ( Mead, n.d ) . therefore, the theoretical account facilitate the rating of inter-individual differences in POP exposures through the usage of physiologic information obtained from questionnaires in the epidemiologic surveies ( Mead, n.d ) .What is the importance of Persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) with informations from the CDC StatisticsSome POPs are tox ic ; others are non. Toxic POPs are of particular concern because they frequently remain toxic for decennaries or longer. The more relentless a toxic chemical is, the greater the chance for human exposure over clip. Because they circulate globally long after being released into the environment, POPs are frequently detected in locations far from the original beginning ( U.S. EPA, 2008 ) . The effects of single congeners are hard to find since most people are exposed to mixtures of several congeners. However, overall wellness effects include liver upsets, foetal hurt, porphyria ( a status ensuing in unnatural metabolic map ) , elevated lipid degrees, chloracne, hormonal alterations, neurologic harm, and immunogenic alterations. Dioxin congener TCDD ( 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ) is the most toxic signifier of dioxin, which is classified as a known human carcinogen. Harmonizing to Patterson, et Al, ( 2009 ) the dioxin entire toxic equivalency ( TEQ ) , for persons 12 old ages of age and older was 30.9 pg/g lipoid ( with a 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) between 28.2 and 33.9 pg/g lipid ) , and 37.8 pg/g lipoid ( with CI between 35.3and 43.4 pg/g lipoid ) , consequently utilizing the 2005 toxic equivalency factors ( TEFs ) . Therefore, the entire TEQ raised significantly with increasing age at both 90th and 95th percentiles. Take the job addressed in the article you found and use each of the three theoretical accounts ( p. 23 in Environmental Health ) to your job. How do the different theoretical accounts change the attack that would be taken to decide the job? Be certain to give illustrations of how each theoretical account would use to your peculiar subject. The ends of the clinical intercession theoretical account is for physicians to seek to forestall the disease from taking to decease ( p.22 ) . The clinical intercession theoretical account challenge lies in placing which patients are more open to higher than mean degrees of POPs and patients who would hold to cut down their exposure by altering their diet and behavioural wonts. While the public wellness intercession theoretical account are developed to forestall the development of the disease from the general population. And environmental stewardship theoretical account should be aimed at protecting the persons by forestalling the environmental want and its resulting impact on wellness ( Moeller, 2005, p.22 ) .Mentions:Moeller, D. W. ( 2005 ) . Environmental wellness ( 3rd ed. ) . Boston: Harvard University PressAlan Abelsohn, * Brian L. Gibson, Margaret D. Sanborn, aˆ? and Erica ( 2002 ) . WeirIdentifying and pull offing inauspicious environmental wellness effects: 5. Persistent organic pollutants CMAJ. 2002 June 11 ; 166 ( 12 ) : 1549-1554. Retrieved December 6, 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC113803/Mead, N.M. ( n.d ) . New Window into Breast Cancer Risk: Assessing Lifetime Exposures to POPs. ( 116N7 United states secret service: A307 ) . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2008/116-7/ss.htmlPatterson D.G Jr, Wong L.Y, Turner W.E, Caudill S.P, DiPietro E, McClure C, Cash T.P, Osterloh J.D, Pirkle J.L, Sampson E.J, Needham L.L. ( 2009 ) . Levels in the U.S. Population of those Persistent Organic Pollutants ( 2003-2004 ) Included in the Stockholm Convention or in other Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Agreements. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 2009, 43 ( 4 ) , 1211-1218. Department of the interior: 10.1021/es801966w. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //origin.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pop_ocp1.htmhypertext transfer protocol: //cfpub.epa .gov/eroe/index.cfm? fuseaction=detail.viewInd & A ; lv=list.listByAlpha & A ; r=188248 & A ; subtop=208

Hyflux Essay

In order to maximize the use the use of this natural resource, the Singapore government goes to extent where they recycle and purify the water they capture. These â€Å"policies have developed an expertise in water management that has spawned a host of profitable companies† (Chowdhury, Singapore’s All Wet- TIME, 2009) and one of the major companies in this industry is Hyflux. Hyflux is a Singaporean homegrown water treatment company that†purifies waste-, salt- and rainwater† (Chowdhury, Singapore’s All Wet- TIME, 2009). Hyflux provides a wide-ranging set of integrated services in water and renewable resources, from research and development, membrane manufacturing, process engineering, engineering, procurement and construction to operations and maintenance. Hyflux provides water desalination and filtration solution for its customers and is a global leader in membrane technology and applications for renewable resources and water solution. The company takes pride in its award winning membranes which is one of the company’s main core products. Company Vision To be the leading company the world seeks for innovative and effective environmental solutions. Company Mission To provide efficient and cost-effective solutions to meet our clients’ needs through innovation and technological advancement. Company Values: Boldness – Dare to dream, dare to do and dare to excel Entrepreneurship – Nurture the entrepreneurial spirit, embrace challenge and master change Satisfaction – Exceed internal and external customer satisfaction, take pride in work and deliver excellence Testimony – Be the face behind the brand, excel in business conduct and embrace best practices in corporate governanceHyflux has 2,000 staff worldwide (Hyflux Ltd.NA) including â€Å"200 multidisciplinary membrane specialists, researchers and scientists† (Hyflux Ltd. , NA) in the company’s networks of innovative centers and plants. Employees are widely diverse not only in terms of the countries they are from but also in their previous working background, cultures and experiences. The diverse workforce of Hyflux contributed greatl y to the success of the company through high productivity, creative thinking and effective and efficient decision making. Hyflux started business and is established in Singapore in the year 1989 and since then it has grew and built 1,000 plants in more than 400 countries worldwide. Appendix 1. 1 highlights some of the countries in which Hyflux operates in. In the countries they have plants and operate in, they provide different types of services and products. For example, in Dubai, they provide services in the sewage treatment industry and providing Kristal Membrane products while in Thailand, the company operates in both wastewater reclamation industry and chemical industry providing Kristal and FerroCep membranes. The fame and reputation of Hyflux grew bigger in Singapore and in the year 2001, it became the first water treatment company in Singapore to be listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange. The current financial standing of the company, a table is shown below comparing last year’s final year reports and this year’s reports Source: Hyflux Year end news release 2010 and 2009 (Hyflux Ltd. , 2010), (Hyflux Ltd. , 2009) The company has been increasing in revenue in the year 2010 due to the major projects that are ongoing like their major plant in located in China that has been in halt for the past year due to the economic downturn. In addition the company also earns high revenue from the public and industrial sectors. Source: Hyflux Year end news release 2010 and 2009 (Hyflux Ltd. , 2009), (Hyflux Ltd. , 2010) ————————————————- External and Internal Analysis The SWOT analysis will be used in this report to understand the company’s internal strength and weaknesses and also its external opportunities and threats. Strength One of the root strengths that Hyflux has is their CEO, Ms Olivia Lum who started the business and its operation in the year 1989. Ms Olivia Lum set strategic directions and made effective and efficient decisions for the company which enabled them to grow a small sized company hiring only 3 staff with the capital of S$20,000 to one being of the â€Å"world’s fastest-growing technology driven water solutions company† (Hyflux Ltd. , NA). As a chief executive officer, they â€Å"develop and define the organization’s purpose, objectives, strategies, and long term plans† (Lussier, 2009). Ms Lum has accumulated several skills and knowledge in the hydro-chemical, chemistry, health and entrepreneurship which enable her to make effective and efficient strategic moves which leads to the company’s growth and success. Secondly, Hyflux hires 2,000 staff worldwide, in which a staff of â€Å"200 multidisciplinary membrane specialists, researchers and scientists â€Å"(Hyflux Ltd. , NA) in their innovative centers in Singapore. Employees are great assets to any company and add more value when they are skilled, motivated and diverse. Even if Hyflux has all the advance technologies and machines, it would be of no use (or unproductive) without a human working behind it. Hyflux employs â€Å"passionate, talented and ambitious people who are constantly willing to push the boundaries of the possible. † (Hyflux Ltd. , NA). Employees who take the initiative and are driven are likely to add value to the company and its production compared to an employee who is being â€Å"forced† to do their job. According to authors John Ivancevich and Lee Soo Hoon â€Å"In most organizations in Asia, effectiveness is measured by the balance of such complementary characteristics as reaching goals, employing the skills and abilities of employees efficiently and ensuring the influx and retention of well-trained and motivated employees. † (Ivancevich & Hoon, 2002). In addition, having a diverse workforce who are specialized to do their task contributes greatly on the company’s productivity through the creative ideas given from employees who are from different backgrounds and society. Moreover, Hyflux owns award winning water-machinery and advance technology which increases their popularity and the quality of their reputation. This encourages more customers to partner and/or purchase from Hyflux and also encourages more investors to invest in the company. Weaknesses High cost on employees has accumulated a significant increase in the operational cost of the company. in order to motivate employees, Hyfluxhas to train and financially reward their employees. However, the company is focused on employees too therefore they are not looking at it as a cost but as an investment instead. Moreover, the company is experiencing high cost in the operations itself and the fluctuation of exchange rates contributes to this problem notably and that includes high loan rates from banks as well. Opportunities In Singapore, water treatment facilities are encouraged by the government to supply the country with more of the natural resource and â€Å"The first of the water agreements with Malaysia, which expires in 2011, is not likely to be renewed† (Chowdhury, 2009) therefore the government is supporting the growth and operations of Hyflux. As a matter of fact, the company has PUB, Singapore’s national water agency, as a customer and has built 4 major water desalination plants under the management of PUB. PUB has become one the largest clients of Hyflux which reflects the company’s good and sustainable relationship with the government. In most countries that Hyflux go into, the government has always looked upon them with favor and a good relationship is formulated. For example, building the â€Å"world’s largest membrane-based seawater desalination project in Magtaa, Algeria.(Hyflux Ltd. , 2009). This is supported by the local government and allowed them to be financially supported by national banks in Algeria. Threats As mentioned on the latest news release by Hyflux, one of its threats is the unpredictable change in the currency markets (Hyflux Ltd. , 2010). An instability in the currency (especially in those wherein the company operates) could accumulate losses for the company. In some parts of the world, the supply, for example, could be more costly than expected in the budget due to unstable exchange rates. In addition, operational cost of the Hyflux Group as a whole can also be unpredictable because of fluctuations in the currency. One month’s operational budget and cost can be lower and the following month, expenses could just shoot up. Another threat affecting the global operation of the company is the â€Å"persistent high unemployment rate† (Hyflux Ltd. , 2010) in key markets in the US and EU. If this goes on, the economy of those markets will definitely be affected mainly on the interest rates. As more people are unemployed, GDP decreases, leading to a decrease in the prices of goods and services. This in return will affect the exchange rates and investors will be encouraged to invest in Hyflux, however in a smaller amount but then will be paid higher dividends and returns if the economy picks up. ————————————————- Object of concern for the company One of the main objectives and strategies of Ms Olivia Lum is to be able to achieve growth in the company by expanding and reaching to all its key markets globally. But in contrast, it is also a challenge for the CEO to sustain its rapid growth† (Smith, 2004).

Environmental Pollution Essay

Los Angeles, California have been experiencing a growing population within our city. The growing population in this city has caused an increased pressure on the infrastructure and natural resources that are beginning to affect our environment. The expansion of the city has cut deeper into the rural areas that are causing problems to the environment, such as a loss in our wetlands, water pollution, biological habitats, and air pollution. The cause of the growing population has led to a high density of factories, automobiles, and commercial enterprises in Los Angeles. The population growth is beginning to create many environmental problems that are giving Los Angeles economic, and environmental consequences. Theresa Carter, an associate-level environmental scientist, has suggested four measurements of the city council for addressing the pollution management. She has suggested to Encouraging alternative transportation, walking, and bicycle use, Promoting fuel-efficient cars, Improving roads, and Encouraging carpooling. The encouragement of alternative transportation is great on the earth environment and the health of human beings. The improvement of better roads can also improve the transportation of people, reduce cars accidents, and can allow people to compost what was used. Compost helps improve soil, so it holds more water and plants grow better. Carpooling is a very effective climate change, because it allows one car to be used to carry different people to work and other places. For instance, eight people wanted to drive their car from Los Angeles to Apple valley. Los Angeles is an hour and a half drive away. Instead of using eight different cars and spending money on  eight different fossil fuels to fuel their cars, one person can use a van to carry all the co-worker to one location saving, hundreds of dollars and used of savable fossil fuels. When people use walking, bicycling, and carpooling at least twice a week it can cut the greenhouse gas emission at 1,600 pound per year. The promotion of fuel efficient vehicles allows the waste of fuel not to be used and helps protect the future cost of fossil fuels. When humans trade a car for a bicycle, it do not only improve their and the ecosystem health, It allows humans to fight obesity and rely on other ways to get around. Some persons may argue that fuel efficient cars are a great expense, but it can also be a significant improvement to get their health in order. It can do this by removing pollution from the air and gathering into their lungs. Bicycling is exercise, and many people have become obese by sitting around and driving, while not doing nothing to benefit their health. Pedestrian crashes are more than twice as likely to occur in areas without sidewalks; streets with â€Å"sidewalks on both sides have the fewest crashes. â€Å"Streets without safe places to walk, cross, catch a bus, or bicycle put people at risk. Over 5,000 pedestrians and bicyclists died on U.S. roads in 2008, and more than 120,000 were injured† (Reynolds, C, p. 22, 2009). Improvements of new roads and fuel efficient cars can be a massive expense, but the is an excellent conservation of people lives, and deter of greenhouse gases being released. Better decision making on environmental issues, allow people to make a better decision to live life on earth for a longer existence. The way the Earth works is to create and recreate, not for human to produce and destroys nature natural habitat. The following quote â€Å"Decision-making about environmental issues necessitates the maintenance of a good balance between the effectiveness of measures and the public reaction towards them.† In Theresa opinion mean that if human makes a valid decision on the thing that he or she find necessary, meaning something they can not live without Only then will they know how to keep the earth and its environment clean, and the general will began to follow. When the public sees the response of them destroying the environment personally, they can take the appropriate measure it take to have others combined with the contribute to restoring and  maintain a clean environment. Los Angeles economic and environmental hazard can become improved by encouraging alternative transportation, walking, and bicycle use, promoting fuel-efficient cars, improving roads and encouraging carpooling. Many hazards come from the emission of fossil fuels from the engines of cars, by implementing the use of people not using their cars or making fuel efficient vehicles, it helps improve the inconvenience use of vehicles. When the growth of population becomes larger, more people require unnecessary materialistic items, like cars, technology, and material that cut into the field and push down trees from growing. Animals start to get pushed out their habitats, and the earth begin to become small on their environmental structure. If Los Angeles complete or clean up their street, it may cost a profit, but it is a reduction in car accidents, better bicycling paths for bicyclist, and a cleaner environment so humans can respect and take care. Reference: Analysis shows promoting fuel efficient cars will keep fuel costs from draining illinois economy. (2011). Entertainment Close – Up, Retrieved September 14, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/864596179?accountid=458 Botkin, D.B. and Keller,E.A. 2010. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet 7th Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Reynolds, C., et al. (2009). â€Å"The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Bicycling Injuries and Crashes: A Review

Creating a Genealogy Research Plan Like a Detective

Creating a Genealogy Research Plan Like a Detective If you like mysteries, then you have the makings of a good genealogist. Why? Just like detectives, genealogists must use clues to formulate possible scenarios in their pursuit for answers. Whether it is as simple as looking up a name in an index, or as comprehensive as looking for patterns among neighbors and communities, turning those clues into answers is the goal of a good research plan. How to Develop a Genealogy Research Plan A major goal in developing a genealogy research plan is to identify what you want to know and formulate the questions which will provide the answers you seek. Most professional genealogists create a genealogy research plan (even if only a few steps) for each research question. The elements of a good genealogy research plan include: 1) Objective: What Do I Want to Know? What specifically do you want to learn about your ancestor? Their marriage date? Spouses name? Where they lived at a particular point in time? When they died? Be really specific in narrowing down to a single question if possible. This helps keep your research focused and your research plan on track. 2) Known Facts: What Do I Already Know? What have you already learned about your ancestors? This should include identities, relationships, dates and places that are supported by original records. Search family and home sources for documents, papers, photos, diaries, and family tree charts, and interview your relatives to fill in the gaps. 3) Working Hypothesis: What Do I Think the Answer Is? What are the possible or probable conclusions that you hope to prove or possibly disprove through your genealogy research? Say you want to know when your ancestor died? You might start, for example, with the hypothesis that they died in the town or county where they were last known to be living. 4) Identified Sources: Which Records Might Hold the Answer and Do They Exist? Which records are most likely to provide support for your hypothesis? Census records? Marriage records? Land deeds? Create a list of possible sources, and identify the repositories, including libraries, archives, societies or published Internet collections where these records and resources can be researched. 5) Research Strategy The final step of your genealogy research plan is to determine the best order to consult or visit the various repositories, considering the available records and your research needs. Often this will be organized in order of the available records likelihood of including the information youre looking for, but may also be influenced by factors such as ease of access (can you get it online or do you have to travel to a repository over 500 miles away) and cost of record copies. If you require information from one repository or record type to be able to more easily locate another record on your list, be sure to take that into account. A Genealogy Research Plan in Action ObjectiveFind the ancestral village in Poland for Stanislaw (Stanley) THOMAS and Barbara Ruzyllo THOMAS. Known Facts According to descendants, Stanley THOMAS was born Stanislaw TOMAN. He and his family often used the THOMAS surname after arriving in the U.S. as it was more American.According to descendants, Stanislaw TOMAN married Barbara RUZYLLO about 1896 in Krakow, Poland. He immigrated to the United States from Poland in the early 1900s to make a home for his family, settling first in Pittsburgh, and sent for his wife and children a few years later.The 1910 U.S. Census Miracode index for Glasgow, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, lists Stanley THOMAS with wife Barbara, and children Mary, Lily, Annie, John, Cora, and Josephine. Stanley is listed as having been born in Italy and immigrating to the U.S. in 1904, while Barbara, Mary, Lily, Anna, and John are also listed as having been born in Italy; immigrating in 1906. Children Cora and Josephine are identified as having been born in Pennsylvania. Cora, the oldest of the children born in the U.S. is listed as age 2 (born about 1907).Barbara and Stanle y TOMAN are buried in Pleasant Hill Cemetery, Glasgow, Reade Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. From the inscriptions: Barbara (Ruzyllo) TOMAN, b. Warsaw, Poland, 1872–1962; Stanley Toman, b. Poland, 1867–1942. Working HypothesisSince Barbara and Stanley were supposedly married in Krakow, Poland (according to family members), they most likely came from that general area of Poland. The listing of Italy in the 1910 U.S. Census is most likely a mistake, as it is the only record located that names Italy; all others say Poland or Galicia. Identified Sources 1910, 1920 and 1920 census for Stanley Barbara TOMAN/THOMAS in Cambria County, PennsylvaniaPassenger lists for the ports of Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore, MD; and Ellis Island, NY.Marriage records for the children born in PolandSocial Security Death Index and Social Security application records (SS-5) for Barbara and Stanley TOMAN/THOMASNaturalization records for Stanley, Barbara, Mary, Anna, Rosalia (Rose)or John Research Strategy View the actual 1910 U.S. Census to confirm the information from the index.Check the 1920 and 1930 U.S. Census online to see if Stanley or Barbara TOMAN/THOMAS were ever naturalized and to confirm Poland as a country of birth (disprove Italy).Search the online Ellis Island database on the chance that the TOMAN family immigrated into the U.S. through New York City (more likely they came in through Philadelphia or Baltimore).Search for Philadelphia passenger arrivals for Barbara and/or Stanley TOMAN  online at FamilySearch or Ancestry.com. Look for the town of origin, as well as indications of possible naturalizations for any of the family members. If not found in the Philadelphia arrivals, expand the search to nearby ports, including Baltimore and New York.  Note: when I originally researched this question these records were not available online; I ordered several microfilms of records from the Family History Library for viewing at my local Family History Center.Check the SSDI to see if Barbara or Stanley ever applied for a Social Security card. If so, then request an application from the Social Security Administration. Contact or visit the Cambria County courthouse for marriage records for Mary, Anna, Rosalia, and John. If there is any indication in the 1920 and/or 1930 census that Barbara or Stanley was naturalized, check for naturalization documents as well. If your findings are negative or inconclusive when following your genealogy research plan, dont despair. Just redefine your objective and hypothesis to match the new information youve located so far. In the above example, initial findings prompted an expansion of the original plan when the passenger arrival record for Barbara TOMAN and her children, Mary, Anna, Rosalia, and John indicated that Mary had applied for and become a naturalized U.S. citizen (the original research plan included only a search for naturalization records for the parents, Barbara and Stanley). The information that Mary had likely become a naturalized citizen led to a naturalization record which listed her town of birth as Wajtkowa, Poland. A gazetteer of Poland at the Family History Center confirmed that the village was located in the southeast corner of Poland- not too terribly far from Krakow- in the portion of Poland occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1772-1918, commonly referred to as Galica. After World War I and the Russo Polish War 1920-21, the area in which the TOMANs lived returned to Polish administration.

Foods that Increase Brain Activity and Prevent Decline by EssaySupply.com

Foods that Increase Brain Activity and Prevent Decline Foods that Increase Brain Activity â€Å"Smart foods,† they’re called – foods that enhance brain activity and that keep the brain healthy as the body ages. We now know, from research, that certain elements in some foods have a positive impact on the brain. While much of this testing has occurred with rats, the implications for human brains are certainly there. The elements that are now known to improve brain health and to help prevent brain health decline are Omega-3’s, glucose, blood supply, and anti-oxidants. In fact, the research shows that oxidants are more detrimental to the brain than to any other organ in the body. If you would like detailed information about these studies, there are load of essays online that summarize them. Nevertheless, foods rich in these elements should be added to everyone’s diet right now, no matter what age you are. Blueberries: Studies show that this superfood improves learning capacity and motor skills in animal studies. As well, they protect the brain from oxidants, and more recent studies indicate that there may be properties that retard dementia and Alzheimer’s. Recommended daily amount is 1 cup. Wild Salmon: Omega-3 fatty acids are known to promote good brain function and to reduce or delay effects of aging. These are also found in sardines and herring, and the recommended amount is at least one service 2-3 times a week. Nuts and Seeds: These foods are really high in Vitamin E, a nutrient that is also known to retard the aging of the brain as we age. 1 ounce per day of most any type of nut plus sunflower and sesame seeds is recommended. Vitamin E is also found in peanut butter if that is preferred. Avocados: One of the best benefits of avocados is that they contribute to good blood flow. The brain, like any other organ, relies on a strong blood supply. This food also lowers blood pressure, a condition which, over time, is a factor in the decline of cognitive abilities. Recommended amount is  ¼ -  ½ of one avocado once a week. This food is very high in fat content and calories, so this is the reason for the lower recommended amount. Whole Grains: Everyone should eat at least 3 servings a day of whole grain foods – oatmeal, whole grain cereals, and whole wheat or rye breads. First, these foods lower cholesterol, a leading cause of plaque buildup in the arteries. This buildup decreases blood supply to the brain, and can cause a stroke or heart attack. Both of these events disrupt the flow of blood to the brain. Whole grains also stimulate blood flow, so there is a double-plus to eating the recommended amount. Beans: The brain relies on glucose, and it does not store this nutrient. So, it is important that a steady supply of glucose get to the brain so that it is maintained in a healthy condition. While beans do not of themselves have glucose in them, they do regulate the flow of glucose throughout the body and ensure that the brain gets an adequate supply. Everyone should eat  ½ cup of beans every day. Pomegranates and other bright/dark colored vegetables and fruits. Pomegranates are mentioned specifically because, of all fruits and vegetables, they have the highest amount of anti-oxidants. Other fruits and vegetables include broccoli, tomatoes, oranges, dark berries and grapes, dark lettuce, carrots, asparagus, and squash. Red wines are also full of antioxidants. 5 servings a day please. Tea: If it is freshly brewed tea (no instant!), there are moderate amounts of caffeine which does enhance focus and memory. Tea, especially green tea, also contains anti-oxidants. 2-3 cups a day is ideal. Dark Chocolate: Yes! This is a huge source of anti-oxidants, and it also have moderate levels of caffeine. A recommended daily amount is  ½ - 1 ounce each day. Hopefully, there are some foods on this list that you really like. If so, and there are others you just can’t abide, at least increase the amounts of those foods that you do like. Scientists have located a protein in the brain that is definitely linked to Alzheimer’s, so keeping that protein functioning properly is important. â€Å"Brain foods† will help!

Bioinformatics in Business Environments

Bioinformatics in Business Environments In contemporary business environments, business leaders need to make fast, responsive, timely, and quality decisions; it is through decisions made that competitiveness is attained in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bioinformatics in Business Environments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make effective decisions, there is need to have quality information about a situation to be able to formulate alternatives. With advancement in computer technology, scientists are developing better ways of researching and providing biology and medicine solutions; one current technology that has been adopted is bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is advantageous to business leaders and managers as they offer recent reports on studies of a particular area to facilitate them manage their organizations effectively. With the use of current technology, scientists are able to analyze the prevailing business environment and of fer quality recommendations on the right products and services that the current generation requires. It is through the well research analysis and research that innovations and inventions have been adopted (Barnes Gray, 2003). The danger of using bioinformatics is the development of dependency syndrome, when using the method to advance in business or make business decisions, managers in an organization are only fed with fully baked information on what they ought to do; this deny them the chance to be creating and innovative. Although bioinformatics aim at improving human live-hood, when reflecting from a business perspective, they level the playing ground of different companies in the field of biology and medicine, this deny individual company the competitiveness it might get from individual efforts. To have bioinformatics structures in an organization is costly; this means that business leaders and managers have to part with a huge amount of capital to enact the structures.Advertis ing Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cost might not be proportionate to the gains from the process making the company suffer. The structure of bioinformatics only focuses on which new products and services need to be made but never gives recommendations on how to improve the production process (Ouellette, 2005). One international company that uses bioinformatics is Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), the company engages in the business of researching and making human medicine. when coming up with new products as well as when improving the available ones, the company ensures it has wide quality information that can assist it develop quality products than those made by its competitors. Other than as a competing strategy, the management appreciates that its works affects peoples life thus they need to continually improve their products for the benefit of the society. GMK’s resea rch and development department is mandated with the role of establishing the right bioinformatics technology to use; they have subscribed to different companies and journals offering insights on the topic to ensure they understand what is happening on the ground. Some of products that have been improved using bioinformatics at GMK include Beconase Allergy and Hayfever, Committed Quitters, and Astringosol (Baldi Brunak, 2001). Other than in human medicine, bioinformatics is used in other biology and medicine fields like plant fungi and bacteria prevention measures and in animal medication. Researchers in bioinformatics field focus on a certain area of interest research it comprehensively and write quality research journals to assist managers when making business decisions. Bioinformatics offer managers in biology and medicine field the chance to use computer science and information technology application to innovate, invent, and develop their products. The main goal of bioinformatic s is to offer quality and reliable information to improve biology and medicine fields.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bioinformatics in Business Environments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Baldi, P. Brunak, S. (2001). Bioinformatics: The Machine Learning Approach. New York: MIT Press, 2001. Barnes, M.R. Gray, I.C. (2003). Bioinformatics for Geneticists. New Jersey: Wiley. Ouellette, B. (2005). Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New Jersey: Wiley

Simple Conjugations of Répéter in French

Simple Conjugations of Rà ©pà ©ter in French When you want to say repeated or repeating in French, youll use the verb  rà ©pà ©ter. Yet, to get it into the past or present tense, a conjugation is necessary. In this lesson, well introduce you to the most common and simplest forms of the verb so you can use it in a sentence. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©pà ©ter French verb conjugations are required in order to form complete sentences. Unlike English, which has only a few conjugations, French gives you a new form of the verb for every subject pronoun within each tense. This means that youll have more words to memorize. Rà ©pà ©ter  is a  stem-changing verb. This is apparent in the indicative mood and the present, future, and imperfect past tenses in the chart. Notice how in some forms, the second  e  remains an  Ãƒ ©Ã‚  and in others, it changes to an  Ãƒ ¨. Also, youll find that in the future tense, either option is available to you.   Other than that difference in spelling, youll find that the endings attached to the verb stem (rà ©pà ©t-) are the same used for  regular -er  verbs. In that sense, these conjugations can be easier if you already know some of those conjugations. With that, match the subject pronoun with the proper tense for your sentence. For example, I am repeating is  je rà ©pà ¨te  and we will repeat is  nous rà ©pà ©terons. Present Future Imperfect je rà ©pà ¨te rà ©pà ©terairà ©pà ¨terai rà ©pà ©tais tu rà ©pà ¨tes rà ©pà ©terasrà ©pà ¨teras rà ©pà ©tais il rà ©pà ¨te rà ©pà ©terarà ©pà ¨tera rà ©pà ©tait nous rà ©pà ©tons rà ©pà ©teronsrà ©pà ¨terons rà ©pà ©tions vous rà ©pà ©tez rà ©pà ©terezrà ©pà ¨terez rà ©pà ©tiez ils rà ©pà ¨tent rà ©pà ©terontrà ©pà ¨teront rà ©pà ©taient The Present Participle of  Rà ©pà ©ter The  present participle  of rà ©pà ©ter  also follows a regular pattern by adding an -ant  ending without a stem change. The result is the word  rà ©pà ©tant. Rà ©pà ©ter  in the Compound Past Tense In French, the compound past tense is the  passà © composà ©. This is constructed by  conjugating avoir  to the subjects present tense and following it with the  past participle  rà ©pà ©tà ©. It comes together simply with  jai rà ©pà ©tà ©Ã‚  meaning I repeated and  nous avons rà ©pà ©tà ©Ã‚  meaning we repeated. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©pà ©ter There will be times when you dont know if something was repeated and this is when  the subjunctive  will be useful. Then again, if something will be repeated only if something else happens, youll use  the conditional.   The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses found frequently in formal writing. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rà ©pà ¨te rà ©pà ©teraisrà ©pà ¨terais rà ©pà ©tai rà ©pà ©tasse tu rà ©pà ¨tes rà ©pà ©teraisrà ©pà ¨terais rà ©pà ©tas rà ©pà ©tasses il rà ©pà ¨te rà ©pà ©teraitrà ©pà ¨terait rà ©pà ©ta rà ©pà ©tà ¢t nous rà ©pà ©tions rà ©pà ©terionsrà ©pà ¨terions rà ©pà ©tà ¢mes rà ©pà ©tassions vous rà ©pà ©tiez rà ©pà ©teriezrà ©pà ¨teriez rà ©pà ©tà ¢tes rà ©pà ©tassiez ils rà ©pà ¨tent rà ©pà ©teraientrà ©pà ¨teraient rà ©pà ©tà ¨rent rà ©pà ©tassent To order or request someone to Repeat! in French, use  the imperative.  When doing so, skip the subject pronoun and simply say, Rà ©pà ¨te ! Imperative (tu) rà ©pà ¨te (nous) rà ©pà ©tons (vous) rà ©pà ©tez